2^nd International Conference on Biomarkers and Cell Biology June 15-16, 2020 Dubai, UAE

Translational biomarkers are used to identify a compound’s effect on organs or tissues before a clinical effect is noticeable.  Choosing the appropriate translational biomarker is grounded on the fact that it should be detectable, measurable and, able to be qualified or validated. Next Generation Sequencing is a prominent way nowadays to produce new biomarkers for disease diagnosis such as celiac disease diagnosis.

Tissue biomarkers are used for screening or diagnosis that often represent surrogate manifestations of the disease. These helps in the measurement of a biologically effective dose that generally indicates the amount of toxin or chemical measured in the target tissue or organ.

These biomarkers are associated with the immunological factor of Oncology research. These help in stimulating the immune system artificially to treat cancer by improving the body’s natural ability to fight the disease, given the fact that cancer cells often have tumor antigens on their surface that can be detected by the antibodies of the immune system by binding to them. Therapies related to immuno-oncology are commonly associated with delayed clinical benefit and durable responses, as seen multiple myeloma (MM).

Personalized medicine is a progressive research field due to limitations of standard diagnosis and treatment. Personalized medicine has its underlying benefits in the clinical molecular testing of biomarkers, under the classification of: prognostic, predictive, pharmacodynamics or diagnostic. Personalized Medicine is progressively being utilized across numerous zones of clinical practice, as genes related to specific diseases are found and targeted treatments are created.

Genomic medicine is an interdisciplinary medical specialty involving the use of genomic information to produce patient specific medications. Genomic medication as "a rising medical discipline that involves victimization genomic information regarding a private as an area of their clinical care (e.g., for diagnostic or therapeutic decision-making) molecular studies.

Molecular biology involves the molecular basis of activity between various systems of a cell, including interactions between different types of DNA, RNA and proteins, their biosynthesis, and studies how these interactions are regulated. Molecular biology has its applications in gene finding, molecular mechanisms of diseases progression and its therapeutic approaches by cloning, expression and regulation of gene. Research area includes gene expression, epigenetics and chromatin structure and function, RNA processing, functions of non-coding RNAs, transcription and transcriptomics.

Gene therapy is a technique that uses genes as a basis for disease treatment. In the future, this system may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient’s cells rather than using drugs or surgery. Researchers are currently testing several approaches for gene therapy. Gene therapy is an encouraging treatment option for a various number of diseases that has inherited disorders, some sorts of cancer, and certain viral infections, the technique is risky and under study to make sure it’s safe and effective for real-world use.

Microbiome research has started to shift its view toward different types of applications of the microbiota. In the present time, we know certain microorganisms are essential for our health, whereas some species are responsible for infections and all sorts of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or type-2 diabetes. Some microorganisms are known to be ineffective against cancer drugs, while others are strictly necessary to make these drugs work. Amass of all microbiota that are found on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the anatomical sites is known as the Human Microbiome.

Drug discovery is the process by which new medications are formulated using different methodologies form different substrates. Modern-day drug formulation includes the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry of the compound and optimization of these hits to extend the affinity, selectivity (to reduce potential side effects),  metabolic stability (increasing the half-life), and its oral bioavailability

Biomarkers for patient selection can extensively increase rehabilitation trial sensitivity and efficiency, with a decrease in costs and time required for completion. Biomarker development integration within the early-stage development of novel agents testing might furnish clinically relevant therapeutic opportunities for individuals with advanced-stage cancer and also stimulate the drug approval procedure. Patient selections for a therapeutic trial are often inconsistent. The selection criteria should have as few risks as possible for the patients.

Cell Physiology is the study of all the activities that take place inside a cell. It includes all the crucial activities such as cell signaling, biomolecules synthesis, and transportation. Cell physiology plays a crucial role in cellular health that in turns plays a role in the individual’s health. Cell health assays are methods used to detect candidate’s small molecules for inspecting the cellular toxicity of the individual. Cellular physiology plays an important role in elucidating the molecular basis of human disease that can help discover new drugs for that particular disease.

Chemotherapy is a form of a cancer treatment strategy that uses one or more anti-cancerous medications as part of a standardized chemotherapy procedure. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim to lengthen life or to reduce symptoms. Cell Replacement therapy is a method of injection, implantation or replacement of cells or tissues that are either non-functioning or may lead to autoimmunity using stem cell (as a replacement).CRT is a promising strategy for the treatment of non-cancerous diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases.

Microbial biochemistry constitutes all the biochemical reactions within a microbe, its growth, modes, and mechanism of pathogenesis. It also incorporates the study of microbial cell structure, microbial metabolism, and advanced functions. The biochemical study of microbes is crucial for detecting their action. When monomers are co-linked to synthesize a polymer, dehydration occurs often resulting in the assembly of different macromolecules in a much larger complex. Molecular immunology concentrates on the molecular level diagnosis and analysis of the immune system.

Cellular adaptation attribute to changes made by a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes. The adaptation may be physiological or pathological. There are two types of patterns displayed by an injured cell: 1) Reversible cell injury that leads to cellular adaptation, 2) Irreversible cell injury that leads to cell death and tissue damage. When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be any of the five types:  atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, or metaplasia and they may also accumulate fat, cholesterol, protein, glycogen, or pigment. When cells are irreversibly injured or dying, specific nuclear changes may be seen such as pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. If large numbers of cells die, tissue may follow necrosis.

Cell plasticity is the ability to assume different cellular phenotypes interchangeably that has widely been studied in the context of development, and wound repair. The transformation between cellular phenotypes is often regulated by environmental clues triggered during stress, promoting a mesenchymal state to aid in cell survival and tissue repair. Cellular plasticity underlines regeneration regardless of the source of the regenerative cells. Cell reprogramming refers to the process of reverting mature, specialised cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogramming also refers to the deletion and re-establishment of epigenetic marks during mammalian germ cell development.